In 1945 Germany Surrendered, Leaving Only The Japanese

In 1945 Germany surrendered, leaving only the Japanese left to fight during World War II. Over the last year, the Japanese economic situation had been worsening, and the American leaders hoped that Russia joining the fight in August of 1945 would push it over the edge. In the meantime, the United States and Japan were fighting a fierce war on the Japanese islands, and thousands were dying on both sides. On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, and three days later, on August 9th, they dropped the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. The world was in shock. No one had ever seen a weapon with this destructive force, and its use was not called into question until a year later when the public received the†¦show more content†¦One of the more destructive bombings was that of Tokyo, after which a Japanese official sent a telegram to the effect that he feared Japan would soon fall from lack of supplies. Japan’s interior modes of transport ation were overburdened, and Japan felt that they would soon fail with the continued destruction of Japan’s resources. With this continuation of bombings on Japan, and the suppression of their resources, many officials ascertained that when the Russians joined up, the added pressure would force the Japanese officials to accept defeat. Many assert that the dropping of the atomic bomb had more to do with controlling Russia than in ending the war with Japan. The United States felt that it needed to exert its power over Russia to have more sway when doing the negotiations for post-war Europe. Russia had an exorbitant amount of power in the Europe negotiations, and the U.S. did not want Russia to have the same amount of power in negotiations with the Japanese. However, Japan’s fear of Russia’s vast army was likely to push it towards a peace agreement with greater speed. American officials projected that Japan would only last for two to three months after Russia entered the war. The United States’ relations with Russia first began to seriously decline at Yalta, when it became obvious to General John Deane that Russia was not eager to establish military bonds with the United States. After the Yalta Conference, itShow MoreRelatedThe Manhattan Conspiracy : Overview1489 Words   |  6 Pages The Manhattan Conspiracy: [Subtitle] From September 1, 1939 to September 2, 1945 the world was at war. Germany rose to power and invaded Poland, later declaring war on France and Great Brittan. Benito Mussolini (fascist dictator of Italy) joined the Axis powers and on December 7th 1941, after the surprise attack of Pearl Harbor, so would the Japanese empire. The war lasted 6 bloody years costing approximately 60 million people were killed: men; women; children;Read MoreWhy The Allies Were Victorious At The End Of World War II1377 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant events that had a great impact on the war. The Allies were victorious in 1945 due to the sheer military power of the United States, the infamous Soviet Transformation and the ‘Battle of Moscow’, the crushing fall of Japan and the vast resource differences between the Axis Powers and the Allies. These major events that took place during World War 2 helped shape the victorious outcome for the Allies, by not only weakening the German’s military force, but also its confidence. The sheer militaryRead MoreWar I And World War II771 Words   |  4 PagesA state of isolationism was a goal too great for America to handle. America and its leaders had sought to stay out of both World War I and World War II only to be pulled in by intense happenings that inflicted chaos on the nations people. World War II would be a time in American history that would bring many fresh war tactics and developments, that helped to pull a depraved nation from the depths of a depression as well as pledge the freedom and prosperity of its opposing nations. Dangerous discoveriesRead MoreLife Saving Weapons Of Mass Destruction1730 Words   |  7 Pagesatomic bombs dropped in Japan during the Pacific War were initially devastating, killing thousands of people in the blast, but they were also life-saving and beneficial to Japan and the geo-political world. World War II officially ended after Japan surrendered, putting an end to the deaths of soldiers from around the world. Japan’s economy, which had taken a great hit later in the war, began to improve with the aid from the United States. The modern public is now well aware of the extensive damage theseRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Japan873 Words   |  4 PagesJapan were not originally intended as a War-Ending weapon, far from that. Regardless of the reason for its creation, it has left a profound mark on humanity as a whole. While in its infancy the fission weapons were able to destroy small cities, but only after a decade a tested fusion bomb was 750 times more powerful. These weapons of mass destruction ended the war, but not without consequences. The development of the Atomic bomb started in 1939 after the renowned physicist Albert Einstein wrote aRead MoreThe War Of The World War II1496 Words   |  6 PagesAbout 50 million troops lost their lives fighting in the war. In Nazi Germany nearly 9,000,000 troops were killed. 42,000,000 troops were killed in the Soviet Union. 4,000,000 were killed in China and 3,000,000 were killed in Japan. Although nearly every country was involved they were split up into two categories, the Axis nation and the Allied nation. The Axis nation included Germany, Italy, and Japan. Adolf Hitler was over Germany, Benito Mussolini was over Italy, and Hirohito was over Japan. TheRead MoreRaising Power Of Hitler And World War 2 Essay2473 Words   |  10 Pagesheld in 1904-1905 was the opening gate of the war. The Japanese victory made them confident in their attacking force which lead them to further attack in Asia and the Pacific attack. In years between the First World War and Second World War, seve ral historic events happened. Great depression happened in United States. Countries like Germany, Italy and Japan started to make their arm force stronger in order to expand their territories. Germany wanted to expand its territory in Europe, Japan wantedRead MoreThe United States After World War I894 Words   |  4 PagesDepression. During the Depression, it made foreign policy unimportant and the danger of war abroad scared Americans and it only reinforced their desire to stay out of it (P.628) For two years, the United States tried their best to remain at peace while war engulfed in Europe and in Asia, the American people were starting to display sympathy for the Allies and were getting upset with Germany and Japan. After two weeks of the outbreak in Europe, President Roosevelt called Congress to consider a revision inRead MoreThe United States Was Justified in Dropping the Atomic Bombs on Japan1244 Words   |  5 PagesOn the 6th and 9th of August, 1945, the United States of America dropped the Atomic Bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The use of these bombs brought a quick end to World War 2, yet caused extensive damage to the two Japanese cities. There have often been disputes as to whether the USA was justified in the dropping of the atomic bombs because of the damage they caused, not only to the cities, but to the people of Japan as well. Many people believe that the USA should not haveRead MoreAround Seventy Eight Years Ago, World War Two Was Inevitable997 Words   |  4 Pagesconflicts. With the catastrophic effects of The Great War, the further advancement of current technology and the advent of newer warfare, World War Two was set to be the turning point of the twentieth century. The war caused the Berlin wall to separate Germany, it indirectly caused the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. World War Two’s legacy includes The Holocaust, the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and the first use of atomic bombs. The United States’ use of the first atomic bombs has

New England vs. The Colonies Free Essays

Colonial Times than In the present. It was hard choice made by many European settlers when considering to what colony to go to. They had to choose between the Middle or Southern colonies along with New England. We will write a custom essay sample on New England vs. The Colonies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each colony had certain, desirable features and characteristics that these settlers had to take into account. However, those that chose to reside in the New England colonies were the most fortunate of the colonists in terms of living standards and morals for a series of reasons. Also, these living standards apply to most people groups at the time. New England’s colonies were Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. The New England colonies were most pleasant to live in partially due to the nature it was gifted with. The pristine environment was healthy to live in as it contained an immense, sprawling forest. (Amounts) This was also supplemented by the fact that it had great access to the coast. (Alicia) It was not afflicted by disease like the other colonies because of a cooler climate and naturally occurring clean water. Alcohol) A notable, Immigrant reverend named Francis Higgins commented on the matter. He stated For a sip of New England’s air is better then a whole draft of old England’s ale†. (Kennedy, pig. 71) One other motive that New England was superb In living conditions is its favorable political circumstances. One of the earliest precursors of American democracy was present in the Massachusetts colon y which is generally conceived as positive by most. The Massachusetts colony was self-governed by religious persons. Amounts) Only male. Protestant church members were allowed to participate In government, but at least tyranny was less of an issue. (Amounts) The great Thomas Jefferson awe one of the government meetings as â€Å"the best school of political liberty the world ever saw†. (Kennedy, pig. 73) New England was a more religiously tolerant group of colonies compared to other areas of North America. Puritans founded the Massachusetts colony for the purpose of establishing a place that offers more religious freedom. This was a way to get away from the Intolerant church of England In the British Isles. To escape Puritan ideology at the time, a person could move to the Rhode Island colony. Rhode Island was founded by a settler named Roger Williams where anyone can worship freely. It harbored many people, including the famous Anne Hutchinson, who would be persecuted in other colonies simply because of their beliefs. (Amounts) New England was the epicenter of The Great Awakening which benefited the area. This was due to the preaching of a famous preacher named Jonathan Edwards. This was spiritually refreshing for Christians which composed the majority of the population. Education developed at an increased rate and was concentrated in New England. Many top American universities Like Harvard were founded in the colonies. (Kennedy, pig. 87) The colonies of New England bore an economy that was stable, profitable and England provided an extremely high availability of lumber. This made lumber a major export and caused New England to be an important source of ships. Innumerable homes were also made with this lumber. The coast provided a gargantuan supply of fish, especially cod for which New England is well known for. Perhaps most importantly, New England had a drastically proportion and profit of the use of human slave labor. (Wisped) If an English person during the 17th and 18th centuries was wary of these facts, hen they would easily deduce that New England was the best colony to emigrate to. The factors dictating this choice would constitute of New England’s superior education and health, lowered dependence on human slaves, religious and political freedom and natural features. New England still draws people in due to its features. It is the home of the world’s highest educational and beauty. North America was arguably more of a land of opportunity during Colonial Times than in the present. It was hard choice made by many European settlers when considering to what colony to go to. They had to choose between the Middle or Southern colonies along with New England. Each colony had certain, desirable features and characteristics that these settlers had to take into account. However, those that chose to reside in the New England colonies were the most fortunate of the colonists in terms of living standards and morals for a series of reasons. Also, these living standards apply to most people groups at the time. New England’s colonies were Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. Climate and naturally occurring clean water. (Alicia) A notable, immigrant reverend named Francis Higgins commented on the matter. He stated † For a sip of New One other motive that New England was superb in living conditions is its favorable Only male, Protestant church members were allowed to participate in government, of establishing a place that offers more religious freedom. This was a way to get away from the intolerant Church of England in the British Isles. To escape Puritan universities like Harvard were founded in the colonies. (Kennedy, pig. 87) more moral than colonies found elsewhere on the continent. The vast forests of New It is the home of the world’s highest educational and beauty. How to cite New England vs. The Colonies, Papers

Slavery in the United States free essay sample

Because colonial society in America was only just beginning, in the late 1600’s and early 1700’s, tension had mounted amongst settlers, natives, and slaves. Bacon’s Rebellion was an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. The Pueblo Revolt was an uprising of the Pueblo Indians against Spanish settlers in 1680 in New Mexico. The Stono Rebellion was a slave uprising in 1739 in the colony of South Carolina, and was the largest slave uprising prior to the American Revolution. Bacon’s Rebellion, the Pueblo Revolt, and the Stono Rebellion reflected socio-economic tensions, relations with the Native Americans, and racial tension, respectively, in colonial society, shaping colonial America in the way we know it today. I. Socio-economic tensions arose amongst the settlers and Native Americans in colonial society. A. Virginia Governor, William Berkeley, refused to retaliate for Indian attacks on frontier settlements due to the fact that he would have to then tax the wealthy, of which he was friends with. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery in the United States or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This angered the former indentured servants, poor whites, and poor blacks that felt belittled by the disregard for their own safety in lieu of taxation on plantation owners and officials. B. Group of people, led by Nathaniel Bacon, took matters into their own hands. They attacked Native Americans, chased Berkeley from Virginia, and then burned Jamestown. This is considered a play on power by Bacon, who was angered by Berkeley favoring his own court over everyone else. The conflict reflected socio-economic tensions within colonies, between the wealthy and the poor. The alliance between former indentured servants and Africans disturbed the ruling class, who responded by hardening the racial caste of slavery. D. Bacon’s Rebellion reflected the tension between the wealthy and the poor in colonial society. It is significant because it impacted how people viewed the power structure. People were now mindful that anyone had the right to overthrow the power system. Socio-economic tensions arose because of bad relations with the Native Americans, and even drove these relations in the wrong direction. II. Relations with the Native Americans dwindled due to tension between them and the settlers’ attempts to claim the land they live on. F. The Pueblo Revolt occurred due to Spanish settlers trying to claim land in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico, present day New Mexico. This angered most of the Pueblo Indians already living there, who rose up against the settlers. The Pueblo killed around 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2000 settlers out of the area. However, the Spanish would return twelve years later and take the land with little opposition. H. The conflict reflected the bad relations that existed amongst the Spanish settlers and the natives. This arose mainly because of the Spanish attempting to destroy the Indians’ religion, banning traditional dances and idols. I. The Pueblo Revolt reflected tensions between Native Americans and settlers in colonial society. It is significant because it showed the capabilities that Indian tribes possessed to fight back against colonial advances. J. Settlers not only had bad relations outside of their settlements, but also faced racial tension with the slaves in their settlements. III. Racial tensions arose amongst the settlers and the slaves that were located in their settlements. K. The Stono Rebellion was a slave rebellion that occurred in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising at its time. It is also the earliest known organized rebellion in America. L. The uprising was led by native Africans who were Catholic and from the Kingdom of Kongo. They recruited nearly 60 other slaves and killed over 20 whites before being stopped by the South Carolina militia. M. In response to the rebellion, the South Carolina legislature passed the  Negro Act of 1740,  restricting slave assembly, education, and movement. It also put in place a ten year prohibition on importing African slaves to South Carolina. The Stono Rebellion reflected racial tensions between slaves and their holders. It is significant because it slightly changed the way that slaves were treated in America, and also inspired many more slave uprisings of its kind in the colonies. Events such as: Bacon’s Rebellion, the Pueblo Revolt, and the Stono Rebellion reflected tensions that arose in colonial America. The socio-economic tensions, relations with the Native Americans, and racial tensions among settlers, natives, and slaves, shaped colonial America to become how we know it today.

PICOT Clinical Question Essay Example

PICOT Clinical Question Paper A clinical research question is a question posed by the nurse to identify the best treatment method in addressing patient needs (WCSU Libraries, n. d. ). Nurses use PICOT in developing clinical questions for research. The five letters in the term PICOT stand for each step that the nurse should identify while developing his or her clinical questions. P stands for â€Å"patient population†; I stands for â€Å"intervention or issue of interest†; C stands for â€Å"comparison intervention or comparison group†; O stands for â€Å"outcome†; and T stands for â€Å"time† (Arizona State University [ASU], n.  d. ). The clinical question formulated is: Do patients have less anxiety when pharmacologic agents are used preoperatively as compared to non-pharmocologic agents? The key words formed from this clinical question based on PICOT are preoperative patients (P), administration of pharmacologic agents preoperatively (I), administration of non-pharmacologic agents preoperatively (C ), and less preoperative anxiety (O). The use of time frame for this question is not applicable. The researcher used the PubMed (U. S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) website to find relevant and valid studies that will provide supporting data in answering the clinical question. The researcher typed the keywords generated from the PICOT format in the search bar of the website which automatically generates a list of studies relevant to the keywords typed in. The researcher then browsed through the list of studies that appeared per keyword and analyzed whether the titles of the research studies displayed are relevant or not. We will write a custom essay sample on PICOT Clinical Question specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on PICOT Clinical Question specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on PICOT Clinical Question specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After choosing titles of research studies that are relevant, the researcher moved on to reading the abstracts of the studies. From the chosen relevant studies, the relevance of the provided related citations from PubMed were also analyzed by the researcher. Most of the resulting related studies only compare use of pharmacologic agents and placebo in reducing preoperative anxiety. Hence, the researcher modified some of the keywords to â€Å"non phamacologic agents in preoperative anxiety,† and â€Å"less anxiety preoperatively. † These search keywords generated studies and articles that address the clinical question (see Appendix). One study entitled, â€Å"Premedication in children: Hypnosis versus Midazolam,† is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 50 pediatric patients aged 2-11 years old. The patients were divided into two groups and received different interventions prior to surgery. One group was subject to hypnosis (non-pharmacologic) and the other group received Midazolam (pharmacologic). The patients preoperative anxiety level were assessed through the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) and postoperative behavior assessed through Posthospitalization Behavioral Questionnaire (PHBQ). Results showed that there was no significant difference in the mYAPS and PHBQ scores. However, it was shown that the number of children who were anxious preoperatively in the group that received hypnosis. The study concluded that hypnosis serves as an effective intervention to reduce preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients (Calipel, Lucas-Polomeni, Wodey, Ecoffey, 2005). In evaluating the study, both accuracy and generalizability of results serve as criteria for research validity. A valid study exercises reliability, internal validity, measurement validity, and external validity (Gliner Morgan, 2009). The overall validity of the study is supported by the credentials of the authors who are all medical doctors and its quantitative study design. The external validity of the study is affected by the number of samples or population used, in this case, a small sample size of 50. The internal validity of the study is affected by the equivalence of population groups, in this case, two similar groups of pediatric patients aged 2-11 years old. The study has a small sample size which is its weak point. However, it utilized equivalent population groups (two groups with similar characteristics) of pediatric patients which is the studys strong point for validity (Gliner Morgan, 2009). References Arizona State University. (n. d. ). PICO(T) form. Retrieved May 12, 2010, from http://nursingandhealth. asu. edu/evidence-based-practice/pico. htm Calipel, S. , Lucas-Polomeni, M. M. , Wodey, E. , Ecoffey, C. (2005). Premedication in children: Hypnosis versus midazolam. Pediatric Anaesthesia, 15(4), 275-281. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/15787917. Gliner, J. A. , Morgan, G. A. (2009). Research methods in applied settings: An integrated approach to design and analysis. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved from http://books. google. com/books? id=NuHHvAbTkf8Cprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false WCSU Libraries. (n. d. ) Introducing PICOT. Retrieved May 12, 2010, from http://library. wcsu. edu/web/assistance/research/nursing/tutorial/c_picot/? x=41y=51

Advertising to Children

Advertising to Children Introduction The goal of every business organisation is to maximise profits through the sale of products or services. To achieve this goal, most organisations employ different promotional mechanisms for their products, and most organisations have employed advertising as one of their major promotional tools.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising to Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advertising refers to a non-personal communication of information, which is normally well structured and composed. Such information is usually persuasive in nature and directed towards a given target group. Advertising assists customers to understand the price of a given product, its potential benefits as well as the place to find it (Cronin et al. 20010, pp. 30). Due to recent technological advancements, the electronic media has become a major means of advertising, e.g. television, radio and internet-based social networks (Kl etchemer 2004, pp. 42). This paper focuses on the various issues concerning advertising to children, including: firstly, the factors that have led to increased advertisement to children; second, the impact of advertising to children, including the positive and negative; thirdly, the regulation of children’s advertisements; fourthly, the considerations that marketers should have in children’s advertising. Factors that have led to increased advertisement to children Recently, the potential number of clients in the children market for advertising has increased. Research has shown that the American children’s market represents approximately $500 billion per year. This amount consists of about $200 billion that children spent on personal items such as snacks, soft drinks and entertainment (Roberts et al. 2005, pp. 17). The remaining portion is spent on buying other items that are essential to the whole family that the children influence their parents/ guardians to bu y. Since many organisations produce these products, which tend to have similar characteristics, they have to persuade customers to choose a particular product over the rest. Owing to this, advertising to children has become a major marketing strategy that different organisations employ. Advertising to children not only concerns them but their parents as well. The advertisement of some products to children is an indirect means of capturing the attention of their parents who are the buyers of the product in question (Kunkel 2001, pp. 102). This is a unique feature of the children’s market.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the children’s market is not the only market segment where the purchasers of the products are not necessarily consumers of the product it also applies to pets and gift receivers (Fletcher 2004). The main difference is that unlike pets , children are able to respond to such advertisements by vocalising their desires. On the other hand, gift receivers rarely respond to the adverts. By communicating their desires to their parents/guardians, children persuade the parents to purchase the products in the advertisements (Martin et al. 2006, pp. 601). This translates to an increase in sales for the producers, which is their ultimate goal. The children market undergoes many changes as the children (up to 12 years of age) undergo different developmental stages. With the transition to the next developmental stage, the preferences of children change: for example, children lose their desire in certain products. This is not only true for toys but also for clothes, foods and confectionery (Ajzen 2008, p. 528). Research has shown that from the age of five, children begin to express their product preferences in a stronger manner than they did previously. Therefore, marketers have to reach children in different developmental stage s in their childhood, leading to the development of advertisements geared towards the different sub-segments within the children’s market. The impact of advertising to children There is a positive impact of advertising to children for the wider society, as discussed by Arens et al. in the essay question. As mentioned above, advertising to children provides important information not only to the children but also to their parents, enabling both to understand the products that different producers offer. Additionally, most adverts contain information concerning the price of the product in question as well as the location where the buyers can purchase the product. With such information, both the children and their parents can make informed decisions about the product that best suits their needs (Cardona 2004, pp. 20). Therefore, advertising to children enables parents to save money and save the time that they would have spent searching for a given product or service. By making inf ormed decisions, the parent buyers are able to use their money in an effective manner. In effect, advertising to children is a price regulatory tool that prevents consumers from being exploited by producers and service providers. One of the major aspects that attract potential customers to a given product is the set price for the product. Consequently, producers embark on research to find out the price of their competitors in the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising to Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such information is essential in enabling the producers to tailor the price of a given product to be able to compete effectively in the market (Farache Keith 2010, pp. 238). On the other hand, consumers will also enjoy the provision of goods for a reduced price. To the producers and service producers, advertising to children leads to an increase in the organisation’s profits. By advertis ing their products, especially through the media, organisations are able to reach potential customers within a very short time. Many people may purchase the advertised product, leading to an increase of sales to the company, which in turn generates more profits for the company. Therefore, the comment by Arens et al. that advertising increases â€Å"productivity by both management and labour† also applies to children’s advertising. Despite the above-mentioned positive impact of advertising to children, it also has certain negative impacts to the society. According to American Academy of Pediatrics, most children watch television for around four hours a day (Terry 2009, pp. 380). Research has shown that within that period, children see more than 25,000 commercials a year. Most of these commercials advertise products that are harmful to the health of the consumer children (Cardona 2004, pp.20). For instance, they advertise high-sugar and high-fat foods or poorly nutritiou s snacks. Such adverts increase the consumption of unhealthy foods among children, which has led to the increased prevalence of overweight and obese children in those nations where advertising to children is practiced. Children who are overweight during their early stages of growth and development tend to become obese in their adulthood. For instance in Canada, between 1983 and 2001 the prevalence of obesity in children increased by 200-300% (Tjepkema 2006, pp.23).The healthcare costs that are associated with the disease, either directly or indirectly, are approximately $4 billion, which represents 2.2% of the entire healthcare expenditure of Canada (Prince, 2009, p.31). This phenomenon has also occurred in America where the prevalence of overweight and obese children has tripled over the last six years. Regulation of children advertisements A significant reason for the regulation of advertising to children is that children lack cognitive skills, especially those that are below eigh t years of age. Therefore, they are not able to perceive or understand the persuasive intent of the most advertisements. They are not able to draw the line between advertising and other editorial messages, which make them unduly susceptible to all forms of persuasion that come with adverts.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To curb the problems associated with consumption of unhealthy foods, most regulatory bodies have embarked on a strategy to deal with the advertisements that promote the consumption of such foods to children. As earlier mentioned, a large percentage of children advertisements seek to promote the consumption of unhealthy foods, such as sugarcoated cereals, high-fat products at fast food restaurants and confectionery. It is evident that the consumption of such products has had a direct impact on the development of weight disorders. Therefore, regulation of advertisements for children will lower the prevalence of such disorders, which in turn will reduce healthcare costs within any given population. Due to the above-mentioned concerns, several governments have constituted bodies to tackle the issue. Furthermore, some nations have completely abolished the practice of advertising to children for the well-being of society. A good example of such a country is Sweden, which has banned all fo rms of television advertisements targeting children below twelve years of age. The Swedish government considers children as a minority group that requires special care and protection. In the US, members of the Congress have passed bills that seek to protect children from the negative effects of faulty advertisements. The bills limit the time of children’s programming in the media and mandates the provision of educational programs. Additionally, the bills seek to restrict the time allocated to commercials in television. In the US, several bodies are concerned with the quality of the contents of children advertisements. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) requires that all advertisements, especially those that target children, must be substantiated by a reasonable basis. It calls for all marketers to expend their resources to ensure that all their advertisements comply with the government’s rules and regulations concerning advertising to children. The Children Advertising Review Unit (C.A.R.U) plays a pivotal role in monitoring advertisements to ensure that marketers comply with the set rules. It was founded in 1974, and its main objective is to enhance marketer’s responsibility in children’s advertising. It was established through a collaboration of the major advertising trade associations through the National Advertising Review Council (N.A.R.C). It has several duties among which are evaluating child-directed advertisements as well as monitoring all forms of promotional material in the media. Additionally, it advances the consistency, truth and accuracy of all forms of children’s advertisements. In its code, one of its recommendations is that marketers should not present advertisements in a manner that blurs the distinction between editorial content and advertising (Synder 2011, pp. 478). Synder argues that children are the most vulnerable group to misleading advertisements due to their immaturity and lack of the cognitive ski lls to evaluate the credibility of advertisements (2011). C.A.R.U also requires that everyone involved in the formulation of children’s advertisements ensure that the target group is able to understand the persuasive nature of the advert in question. Some of C.A.R.U’s guidelines cover the safety of the products, sales pressure, and the presentation of the product in the advertisement. Additionally, C.A.R.U holds that while formulating children’s advertisements, the marketers should have regard to the best interest of all the parties involved. Therefore, the markets should carry out children advertisements with great care and expertise. Considerations that marketers should have in children’s advertisements Marketers should ensure that the advertisements are persuasive, just like adverts made for adults, while ensuring that they are operating within the set rules and regulations. They should understand the preferences of their audience, including both child ren and their parents. For instance, in advertising food products, children and parents have different preferences. Parents look for certain qualities in food products that include the nutritional composition of the foods whereas children seek foods that are tasty irrespective of their nutritive value. In other categories of products, parents look into the moral acceptability of the product as well as its safety to children. n contrast, children show more interest on the amount of fun they derive from using such products as well as the peer acceptability. According to Terry, marketers should never overlook the parents when formulating children’s advertisements since the parents are the sole decision makers in the family (2009). Marketers should also consider the media they intend to use when reaching their audience. For most children, the television is the main tool for accessing advertisements. Few children are aware of the presence of advertisements on other media, such as newspapers and magazines (Schor 2004). However, social networking sites and other electronic media have become an essential part of children’s lives, especially those brought up in the urban areas. Boys form a large proportion of the users of such media and most children consider advertisements as a form of entertainment. Therefore, marketers should employ the media that the target group enjoys most. For instance, boys between the ages of eight to 12 years can be reached through special adverts incorporated within their computer games. Considering the various groups of children that exist, marketers must capture their specific interests to ensure that they attain their advertising goal. It is essential for the marketers to get not only the level of childhood knowledge of the target group but also its level of sophistication. As children grow, several aspects change, including their taste and their vocabulary. Therefore, marketers should carry out research on the vocabulary th at a certain age group employs as well as the visual aspects of the media that they like most. This will enable them to tailor the advertisement in order to persuade the target group effectively. However, it is important to mention that this is one of the most costly and difficult issues for most marketers. Additionally, marketers should be careful to avoid any forms of misunderstanding with the children and their parents. Advertising ethics and social responsibility Advertisements have a profound impact on people’s perception of life thus the need for marketers to adhere to advertising ethics and assume their social responsibility: ‘the moral obligation of advertisers’ as stipulated by Arens et al. in the essay question. All advertisements should be truthful. Advertisers should not exaggerate the information about the attributes of a given product or service since exaggeration acts as a form of deception. Additionally, advertisements should not withhold certain facts about the product. Advertisements should seek to uphold human dignity. The techniques employed in advertisements should neither manipulate nor exploit any form of human weaknesses such as greed and lust among others especially within the vulnerable groups e.g. children. Most of children advertisements try to exploit suggestibility with the marketers hoping to make children to pressurize their parents to buy products that may be of no importance to them (Duff 2004). Such adverts offend not only the rights but also the dignity of the parents and children. They intrude upon the relationship between the children and their parents. They also manipulate the relationship to attain their own goals without any consideration of the negative effects that such might cause to the family. Advertisers ought to put into consideration their contribution to the social and ecological well-being of the society. They should not promote lavish lifestyles that promote the wasteful use of natural res ources. Advertising as a social process must follow all the norms in any given society. Advertisements should not expose pornography: should be decent. They should not encourage the materialism but should enhance both the cultural and economic development of the target group. Conclusion Advertising to children has unique features when compared to advertising to any other market segment. Firstly, the essay exampled the factors that have led to increased advertisement to children. Most children do not purchase the products being advertised; their parents do. Therefore, the marketers should have both the interests of the children and parents at heart; for example, children’s advertisements must be appealing and meaningful to parents. Secondly, the impact of advertising to children was discussed. The positive impact includes the ability of firms to reach important segments of the population and therefore increase sales, whilst the negative impact was that most advertisements prom ote products that are harmful to the health of consumer children. Thirdly, the regulation of children’s advertising was examined. As the most vulnerable group to faulty adverts, they are protected by law. Therefore, several bodies have taken the responsibility of protecting the interests of children and their parents as far as advertisements are concerned, including the C.A.R.U and N.A.R.C. The essay dealt with the considerations marketers should have in children’s advertisements, including that they are persuasive, the media they intend to use and type of child they target. Finally, the essay detailed advertising ethics and the social responsibility of advertisers: Products should fulfill the advertisement claims and enhance the social and economic development of the community. Reference List Ajzen, I. 2008,â€Å"Consumer Attitudes and Behavior† in C Haugtredt, P Herr F Kardes (eds), Handbook of Consumer Psychology, Taylor Francis, New York. Cardona, M. 2004, â€Å"High School Paper Group to Take Adverts†, Advertising Age, Vol. 75 no.1, pp. 16-35. Cronin, J., Joseph, J., Fox, G. 2010, â€Å"The Implications of Third Party Customer Complaining for Advertising Efforts†, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 39 no. 2, pp. 21-33. Duff, R. 2004. â€Å"What Advertising Means to Children†, Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, Vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 12-56. Farache, F., Keith, J.P. 2010, â€Å"CSR Advertisements: A Legitimacy Tool?†, Corporate Communication: an International Journal, Vol 15 no. 3, pp.235-248. Fletcher, W. 2004. â€Å"The Challenge of Advertising to Children†, Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, Vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 11-15. Kletchemer, S.B. 2004, â€Å"Advertainment: The Evolution of Product Placement as a Mass Media Marketing Strategy†, Journal of Promotion Management, Vol 10 no. 2,pp. 37-54. Kunkel, D. 2001, â€Å"Children and Television Advertisingâ₠¬ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ in D Singer, J Singer (eds), Handbook of Children and Media, Thousand Oaks, California. Martin, C., Landon, J., Dalmeny, K. 2006,â€Å"Television Advertising and Children: Lessons from Policy Development†, Public Health Nutrition, Vol. 9 no. 5, pp. 596-605. Prince, S.A. 2009,â€Å"A Population Health Approach to Obesity in Canada-Putting the Problem Back to Context†,Trans-disciplinary Studies in Population Health Series, Vol.1 no.), pp. 22-40. Roberts, D., Foehr, U., Rideout, V. 2005, Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8-18 year-olds, Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, Menlo Park: California. Schor, J.B. 2004, Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture, Scribner, New York. Synder, W. 2011, â€Å"Making the Case for Enhanced Advertising Ethics†, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol 51 no. 3, pp. 477-483. Terry, O. 2009, â€Å"Advertising and Children: What do Kids Think?† Qualitative Market Research: An International J ournal, Vol 8 no. 2, pp. 371-384. Tjepkema, M. 2006, Adult Obesity. Health Reports, Vol.17 no.3, pp. 9-27.

Analysis of Windows Operating System and Microsoft

Analysis of Windows Operating System and Microsoft What is Windows? Windows is a personal computer operating system from Microsoft that, together with some commonly used business applications such as Microsoft PowerPoint, Word and Excel, has become a de facto â€Å"standard† for individual users in most corporations as well as in most homes. It provides a graphical user interface (GUI), virtual memory management, multitasking, and support for many peripheral devices. According to OneStat.com, as of August, 2006, Windows as a whole dominates the personal computer world, running on about 97% of the operating system market share, with XP accounting for about 87% of that. In comparison Mac OS has about 2% and Linux (with all distributions) about .36% The reason why this is so is mainly because Windows is much more user friendly and everything comes pre-packaged so user just have to run the application and follow instructions for it to install. There are many versions of Windows Operating System available namely: Windows 286 W indows 386 Windows 3.0 and 3.11 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows CE for use in small mobile computers Windows Me Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Among all those versions, Windows XP is the most popular one and it is used by 61.9 percent of Internet users, according to data from Net Applications, followed by Windows 7 which has 14.46 percent of users and Vista -14.34 percent. A Brief Story On Windows Windows mainly concentrated on providing an operating system which was user-friendly, stable and less prone to crashes when they were implementing earlier versions. Now, even though XP is generally referred to being stable and efficient compared to other copies of Windows, it is still critised for being overly susceptible to security risks. Therefore the successor of XP- Vista, released in January of 2007 was designed in such a way so as it provides more security. The transition time between Vista and XP is the longest one between versions of windows. Vulnerabilities Of Windows What is vulnerability? – â€Å"It is a weakness that makes a threat possible. â€Å" These vulnerabilities are used by attackers who exploits them to convey multiple attack, including enticing the users to open harmful and malicious media or to visit website which has a lot of viruses. These can have a lot of consequences. In the worst case, a hacker or attacker can get full access to the computer. Fortunately, windows provide a lot of solution to these vulnerabilities. The user just has to install the appropriate Microsoft patches or they are sometimes installed automatically with the help of Windows Update. Window Update Vulnerabilities can be compared to holes. They are like holes in the system. Windows periodically releases security patches mostly as Window Updates to fix those defects. There exists different level of security known as the â€Å"security level system† in Windows which describes the different levels of security holes: A critical security hole is â€Å"a vulnerability whose exploitation could allow the propagation of an Internet worm without user action.† An important hole is â€Å" A vulnerability whoses exploitation could result in compromise of the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of user’s data, or of the integrity or availability of processing recources.†

Business Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Operations - Essay Example The essay "Business Operations" talks about the businesses operations in general by the example of Brazelia Med Spa company. The paper also analyzes what skills the effective manager should possess. Brazelia Med Spa is a B2C (Business to Customer) business with products and services ranging from medical, Intravenous nutrition, medical aesthetic, massage therapy, weight management, aesthetic, body care, chronic pain sports injury, and labs. There are also a number of procedures conducted in this institution such as intravenous nutrition therapy, Botox/Dysport and dermal fillers, weight management, and hormone replacement therapy. There are other Spas in Florida that compete with Brazelia in offering these services. Brazelia is a for-profit institution that has been open to the public since the year 2007 and hence has a strong customer base. This institution's mission is "to bring family's health to an optimal and harmonious balance". During my internship, I worked at the reception, insurance department, and financial department. My roles and responsibilities included organizing patients' applications alphabetically, filling out patients' information such as name, cell number, date of birth, and email address in a sheet, and putting all the important patients' details in the system. It was also my duty to ensure that all patients' confirmed their appointments. And it is worth noting that managers face many challenges blending knowledge, skills, ambitions, and expertise of a diverse group of employees.